1、歷史知識(shí)
1, historical knowledge
鑒定書畫要了解古代的生活習(xí)慣、器用服飾等等，但還不止于此。鑒定者除了要看見作品的藝術(shù)價(jià)值外，也要看到它的歷史價(jià)值。除了可供研究當(dāng)時(shí)的書法藝術(shù)，還蘊(yùn)藏著豐厚的歷史材料價(jià)值。缺乏歷史知識(shí)，既無法對這些東西作出恰當(dāng)?shù)墓纼r(jià)，也不可能根據(jù)歷史材料來判斷它的真?zhèn)巍?br /> Identification of painting and calligraphy to understand ancient habits, clothing and so on, but not more than that. In addition to seeing the artistic value of the work, the appraiser should also see its historical value. In addition to the art of calligraphy at that time, it also contained rich historical material value. Without historical knowledge, it is impossible to make a proper estimate of these things or to judge the authenticity of historical material.

2、文學(xué)知識(shí)
2, literature knowledge
山東收購名人字畫會(huì)對他們的思想、感情、風(fēng)格有更的認(rèn)識(shí)。遇到某一派的書畫時(shí)，對他們的了解就不僅僅是某件作品所提供給我們的信息，還有較深刻、的理解，這對鑒定也是有幫助的。
Shandong's acquisition of famous paintings will give them a more comprehensive understanding of their thoughts, feelings and styles. When we meet a faction of painting and calligraphy, the understanding of them is not just the information provided by a piece of work, but also a deeper and comprehensive understanding, which is also helpful for the appraisal.
此外，前人寫字常錄古人的詩文，畫幅也常題古人的詩句，或標(biāo)明某某人的詩意。明人寫唐詩、宋詩固然常見，如果宋人、元人寫了明人的詩便露了馬腳。
In addition, the former writers often recorded the ancient poetry, the picture also often questions ancient poetry, or indicate someone's poetry. Ming Tang and Song poetry writing is common, if the yuan, the Ming Dynasty people wrote poetry had betrayed.
3、藝術(shù)欣賞和對操作方法的了解
3 、 art appreciation and understanding of operation methods
山東收購名人字畫前代書畫得到后人珍重愛護(hù)，作品的藝術(shù)價(jià)值往往是首要因素。如果鑒定者毫無藝術(shù)欣賞能力，也難以對作品的真?zhèn)巫鞒鰷?zhǔn)確判斷。
Shandong acquisition of celebrity paintings before the generation of painting and calligraphy, to later generations treasure, love, the artistic value of the work is often the primary factor. If the appraiser does not have the art appreciation ability, it is difficult to judge the authenticity of the works.
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